Venkateshwara-121-122

Venkateshwara article 12-Venkateshwara-121-122 Here is the Article 12 you are asking for — it has 2 meanings that are getting mixed up online, I will clear both: ### 1. Article 12 of Indian Constitution - The Main One Article 12 is the **Definition of 'State'**. > **Article 12 says:** "In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, the State includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India." 5d25 In simple words: - **Article 12 of Part III** discusses the definition of State for the first time c9408312 - It includes: **Government and Parliament of India, Government and Legislature of each State, and all local or other authorities** within India or under control of Govt of India 8312 - This is important because it determines **which entities can be held accountable for violation of Fundamental Rights** 8312 If an organization is "State" under Article 12, you can file a Writ against it for violating Fundamental Rights. ### 2. Venkateshwara and Article 12 - How they connect? **Lord Venkateshwara** is a form of Hindu god Vishnu, also known as **Balaji, Srinivasa, Venkatachalapati**. He is considered the preserver and protector, called **Lord of Seven Hills** as his abode is on Tirumala hills 5c146e6d His temple in Tirumala is managed by **Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD)**. - TTD is **not a private trust but it is a statutory body of the Andhra Pradesh government, directly accountable to the state** 6bc85d5f - It is administered by an institution constituted under Section 96 of AP Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments Act dad191e2 Because of this, in many Court cases, TTD / Lord Venkateshwara Temple administration **is treated as 'State' within the meaning of Article 12**. So when people say "Venkateshwara Article 12 case", they mean: > Is TTD = State under Article 12? -> Yes. So Fundamental Rights, Articles 14, 25, 26 etc. can be enforced against it, and its actions can be challenged in High Court / Supreme Court via Writs. Do you want me to find: 1. Specific Supreme Court judgment where TTD was held as State under Article 12, or 2. A simple article / essay on Lord Venkateshwara for school/college purpose? Tell me which one you need, I will give you full article with references.